First generation of computer

1. First generation of Computer: - (1942-1955)

- All the computer which used vacuum tubes as their memory component is known as the first generation of Computer. At the first time In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was build by Dr. John V. Atanas off and Clifford Berry. This was the first generation of computer. In 1943 Colossus (electronic computer ) was built for the armed forces. Other developments of computer continued until in 1946. The first generation of were very big in size and heavy in weight. It is said so as to this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing. It generate more heat and consumed more power. Computers of this generation could only perform single task, and they had no operating system. They were mainly used for calculation.

E.g. Mark I, enial, Univac.

*Characteristics of First generation

- Vacuum tubes were used as their electronic component.

- processing speed was in the term of mili second.

- Machine level language was used.

- They were very much expensive.

- They were heavy in weight and generate more heat.

- They were difficult to use.

- They consumed more power.

- Processing speed was very slow than others generation computers

- They were less accurate and less storage capacity etc.

“Computer generation”

“Computer generation”

The development of computer can be classified into five generation that is called computer generation. It is also known as step in technology. There is five generation of Computer. They are-

1.     First generation of computer.

2.     Second generation of computer.

3.     Third generation of computer.

4.     Fourth generation of computer.

5.     Fifth generation of computer.

All the generation has their duration memory components used are listed below:

Generation	Duration	Memory Component
First generation	1942-1955	Vacuum tubes or Valves
Second generation	1955-1964	Transistors
Third generation	1964-1975-	Integrated circuits(IC)
Fourth generation	1975-1990	VLSI or Bio micro processor
Fifth generation	1990- onward	VLSI or Bio chips

When generation goes up (from first to second, second to Third etc) the characteristics are in effect. 

Characteristics	Effect
1.     Speed 2.     Power consumed 3.     Size 4.     Heat generate 5.     Accuracy 6.     Storage Capacity 7.     Complexity 8.     Cost 9.     Processing Capacity 10.                        User Friendly software	-         Increased -         Decreased -         Decreased -         Increased -         Increased -         Increased -         Decreased -         Decreased -         Increased -         Increased

· History of Computer in Nepal.

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·        History of Computer in Nepal.

-         There is not long history of compute in Nepal. Nepal hired some calculator and computer for census calculation. Now a day’s most of the organization use computer for record keeping, database and communication. The history of computer can be listed as follow;

-         In 2018 BS, the “Facet” was used for census calculation.

-         In 2028 BS, IBM 1401 “A second generation computer” was used for census calculation.

-         In 2031, BS NCC (National Computer Centre) was established.

-         In 2038, BS ICL 2050/10 a second-generation computer was used for census calculation.

Now a days, most of the organization, offices, Schools, Hospital, Bank etc using computer for daily transition.